These connections collectively mediate a cell’s ability to sense the extracellular environment, leading to downstream signaling that can affect cell polarity, migration, and differentiation ( Handorf et al., 2015 Sun et al., 2016). The integrin-mediated focal adhesion can be thought of as the midpoint of a tug-of-war between the ECM and a cell’s internal cytoskeleton. Integrins act as mechanosensors to mediate downstream effector proteins, leading to the formation of focal adhesion complexes that connect the actomyosin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. The ECM has an inherent stiffness that in turn can influence cellular activity via specialized cell membrane proteins called integrins. In vivo, cells exist within a complex matrix of secreted proteins and proteoglycans called the extracellular matrix (ECM). How are trillions of stem cells then turned into structured meat via differentiation? In order to understand, background on the extracellular matrix and mechanotransduction is necessary. The initial proliferation of stem cells is an essential part of the cultivated meat production process. The extracellular matrix and mechanotransduction A review of the core bioengineering biology, scaffolding technologies, and methods to consider for the creation of complex structures are discussed below. In order to replicate the more sophisticated products, scientists will need to borrow and improve upon technologies from tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and biomaterials science to recreate the complex multicellular architecture of meat. On one end of the spectrum, there are less sophisticated processed products such as surimi and hot dogs in the middle, minced products such as burgers and sausages and on the other end, filets and steaks. The range of meat products on the market exists on a spectrum of structural sophistication. A sustainable, secure, and prosperous pathĬultivated meat scaffolding, part A Introduction.American national competitiveness & the future of meat.Marketing & promoting plant-based dishes.Cultivated meat research tools database.
University chapters: The Alt Protein Project.
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